Mainland China has become the world's most important electronic component market at this stage, and most downstream terminal OEMs have also been deployed in Mainland China. However, the operating environment and conditions in the coastal areas of mainland China have become increasingly stringent recently. The strength is catching up quickly, causing a certain degree of competitive pressure on the global printed circuit board industry; for this purpose, this article analyzes the current situation and development trend of the electronic circuit and related printed circuit board industry environment in mainland China.
With the cluster of downstream electronic terminal product manufacturing bases, mainland China will undoubtedly continue to be the world's largest production area, with a market share of 44.4% in 2013, and it is estimated that it will grow to 45.6% in 2017; while South Korea drives the PCB industry with its brand Due to the growth effect and the local layout of South Korean production lines, the South Korean regional market accounted for 14.8% in 2013; it officially surpassed 13.6% of the Taiwan region and became the second largest production region in the world. The production proportion of both sides of the Taiwan Strait is due to the opening of production capacity in western China, which has reduced the proportion of production in the Taiwan region, but the output value of the Taiwan region will still maintain a year-on-year growth of about 2%.
In terms of PCB products, mainland China produces the most demanded medium and low-end single-sided, double-sided, and multilayer products in the market. In 2013, it accounted for more than 60% of the total PCB production in mainland China. The main locked application areas include: PC, NB, telecommunications, consumer electronics... etc.; HDI and FPC are ranked second and third in production products, which are mainly used in mobile devices such as mobile phones; and IC carrier boards are still far behind Japan, Taiwan, South Korea and other regions.
In mainland China, the application products that use multilayer boards are widely used, with consumer electronics as the largest application accounted for about 30%; followed by communication products that use more HDI and soft boards, accounting for about 25%.
According to the survey, there are currently about 2,500 PCB manufacturers in the world, and the number of PCB manufacturers in mainland China alone exceeds 1,200, accounting for half of the world's total.
It can be understood from the above data that at this stage, as mainland China is the main production base of global electronic products, global PCB production has moved and deployed in the value chain towards mainland China, and the PCB output value of mainland China has ranked first; however, The downstream application products are more concentrated in the middle and low-end products: including personal computers, NB, consumer electronics, etc. Therefore, the proportion of corresponding PCB products is also concentrated in the middle and low-end products, including the traditional multilayer hard board. Compared with other advanced countries, it is still The proportion is high, and more than 50%.
Following the development and policy promotion of Mainland China, the PCB industry has followed the same steps in its layout, including the Pearl River Delta Development Zone in 1994, the Yangtze River Delta Development Zone in 2000, the Bohai Rim Development Zone in 2005, and the central government began to promote the development of the Great Western Region in 2010. West Triangle Development Zone; and Taiwan began when Huatong established a PCB factory in Huizhou in 1994. Taiwan PCB manufacturers have also followed the development policy in mainland China. Currently they are mainly concentrated in South China and East China. Since 2010, there have also been Taiwanese businessmen. Began to enter Chongqing, Chengdu and other western cities.
However, from the perspective of industrial development, due to the current electronic manufacturing cluster in the western region of mainland China, which is dominated by notebook computers, the PCB board supply chain has been completed one after another. However, from the perspective of cost and manpower, it is necessary to moderately relieve the operating pressure of coastal areas, and Taking into account the support of equipment and materials, Central China has become an important backup base for coastal manufacturers, such as Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, etc.
However, the local PCB industry in mainland China will challenge the past cluster ecological development model of the PCB industry in mainland China in consideration of market development potential, industrial chain, customer types, etc.:
Limited by environmental emissions, production scale, market, etc., it will be difficult for the inland in the future to present the high industrial clusters in southern and eastern China in the past; on the other hand, the deterioration of coastal production conditions has not improved significantly, but the layout of the inland will be There is a high degree of market risk. Considering the above factors, most of the local PCB industry expansion plans in mainland China choose not far from the original site/headquarters (reachable within 2 hours). Among them, Jiangxi and Anhui have become many mainland PCBs. The layout of the industry is the first choice to facilitate production backup. However, this phenomenon will cause the upstream and support industries to challenge customer service.
Summarize the overall business environment issues of the PCB industry in Mainland China at this stage:
Increasing costs and uncertainties in the operating environment: the industrial environment, the Chinese government’s requirements for industrial layout and transformation, the long-term appreciation trend of the renminbi, the merger of the two taxes, the labor contract law, and environmental governance requirements, etc.; the business operations of the manufacturers are in the enterprise Management costs, human resource costs, social responsibility costs, etc. continue to increase.
The international economic environment fluctuates greatly: the degree of linkage with the overall international economic environment is getting higher and higher, including the rise of raw materials, exchange rate fluctuations, and the pressure of RMB appreciation.
Homogenization competition is fierce: The PCB industry in mainland China continues to expand, and a hundred schools of thought have formed. The lack of emerging products has caused the homogenization of PCB manufacturers to become more and more obvious.
Leading global PCB manufacturers are heavily deployed: Leading global PCB manufacturers such as Europe, America, Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan continue to deploy heavily in mainland China, and the overlap of industrial competition has caused short-handedness.
Due to the diversification and shorter life cycle of consumer electronics products, resulting in fewer product steps and high customization, mainland PCB factories are actively investing in this field to engage in niche competition; the advantages of one-stop service are The following: Including the possibility of optimizing small and medium batch PCB manufacturing, reducing the labor cost of customer input in PCB design, and suitable for rapid production of central batch samples; however, there are also limitations, including small and medium batches being produced by existing companies, but large batches lack capacity support. Compared with the need to transfer production to other companies, resulting in the cost of production line conversion; one-stop service processing has a large number of customers, diverse and complex attributes, which makes it difficult for PCB manufacturers to manage, and applications are also locked in a small number of diverse applications; including deep South Circuit, Xingsen Express, Jiesai Technology, Zhuhai Founder, Zhuhai Yuansheng Electronics, etc., have actively deployed one-stop allegro services.
Since 2008, the computer production base led by Chongqing has moved inward, which is an important trend for electronic components. International brands including HP, Dell and other major manufacturers have been deployed in the west. This has also led to foundries including Hon Hai and Ren Bao, Wistron, etc. moved from the coastal areas to the west, and indirectly led Taiwan's PCB factories in the west, including: HannStar Board, Tripod, Zhichao, Huatong, etc.
Most of the land companies continue to invest in the coastal layout, including Founder, Shantou Ultrasonic, Yuansheng, Quanbao, etc., while Bomin Electronics selected Jiangsu Dafeng for expansion, and Shennan Circuit also chose Jiangsu Nantong and Wuxi to set up factories. The main considerations of land companies include whether the market demand can really support the scale of the factory, the flow and management of inland talents also have its own problems, and the overall business environment, including waste water discharge licenses, has room.
Although there is a gap between wages in the inland areas and the coastal areas, the quality of personnel still needs to be strengthened and management difficulties arise. For example, a certain section of the production line in a coastal factory requires 10 people to complete, but the inland factory has the same production line. It takes 15 people to complete it. Although the average salary is low, the overall labor cost will not be more economical. Another key point for land companies not to go inland is the customer relationship; the main customers of land-owned factories are The small and medium-sized electronics factories are concentrated in the land capital, and most of these electronics factories are located in southern and east China, and there is no need to move inward, so there is no big incentive for land-funded PCB factories to move inland. When it is really necessary to move, most of it is achieved through mergers and acquisitions. For example, Zhuhai Founder's plant in Chongqing is deployed through mergers and acquisitions, including Guangdong Shengyi Group, rather than inland like other manufacturers. Re-establish a new production line.
According to estimates, the global smart phone market will exceed 1 billion in 2014, of which more than 400 million in mainland China, accounting for about 40% of the world. It can be seen that mainland China has become a global electronic component manufacturer in the smart phone market. In the future, the biggest growth momentum of the global smart phone market will come from mainland China. In addition to international brands including Apple and Samsung, ZTE, Huawei, and Lenovo will play the forefront of local smart phone brands in mainland China in the future.
And since ZTE, Huawei, Lenovo and other local Chinese brand manufacturers have had deep and long-term cooperative relationships with land-based PCB factories in the past, land-based PCB factories will certainly not let go of this opportunity for the rise of the smart phone market. , And even seek further cooperation possibilities through official relations.
Although mainland China has become the world's largest production base for electronic components, in terms of technology and product layout, mainland China's local land-owned factories are still far away from major global leading manufacturers; however, it is also due to long-term efforts in the small and medium-sized, local brand market. Therefore, it has achieved a relatively niche market without participating in the high competition in the global electronic component industry. Through the SWOT dimension, analyze and make overall adjustments to the local land-funded electronic component industry in mainland China.
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